Insulin dose calculation is a basic task, for which we might reasonably assume we can trust a computer better than our human faculties. However, assessment of apps performing this calculation found a litany of errors that force us to consider critically the current ecosystem [2]. It is alarming to read that 91 % of dose calculators lack validation to check the data quality of user input and 67 % risked making an inappropriate dose recommendation. There was a disappointing lack of transparency too, with 70 % lacking documentation for the formula used, 46 % of developers failing to respond to requests for information, and two developers flat-out refusing to share their algorithm with researchers, citing commercial reasons. Quality was no higher for paid apps than free ones, and no higher in the Apple store than the Android store, despite Apple having more stringent entry criteria for apps in general. Most errors pointed patients toward taking a higher dose of insulin than was needed, with the potential for avoidable hypoglycemia.
As medical innovators, this has been a difficult set of data to fathom. We eagerly look forward to a time when medical apps might be relied upon to do much more complex tasks than simply calculate formulae or illustrate inhaler technique; for example, recommending personalized dosage schedules, analyzing patterns in user behavior, interacting with the Internet of Things, perhaps even controlling implanted medical devices. The potential for benefit remains vast and the degree of innovation is inspiring, but it turns out we are much earlier in the maturation phase of medical apps than many of us would have liked to believe. To build the future we want, in which patients can trust their medical apps, we need to verify that they function as intended.
Trust But Verify sub download
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Because of the large file size of the Map Change Dataset (1 TB), we recommend downloading it according to these instructions. However, we do offer direct links to the dataset below. This script can be used to decompress the files.
The blockchain could be the most consequential development in information technology since the Internet. Created to support the Bitcoin digital currency, the blockchain is actually something deeper: a novel solution to the age-old human problem of trust. Its potential is extraordinary. Yet, this approach may not promote trust at all without effective governance. Wholly divorced from legal enforcement, blockchain-based systems may be counterproductive or even dangerous. And they are less insulated from the law's reach than it seems. The central question is not how to regulate blockchains but how blockchains regulate. They may supplement, complement, or substitute for legal enforcement. Excessive or premature application of rigid legal obligations will stymie innovation and forego opportunities to leverage technology to achieve public policy objectives. Blockchain developers and legal institutions can work together. Each must recognize the unique affordances of the other system.
Superuser privileges can be a problem. In another case at a different organization, the design of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system had a project manager who assigned himself extensive superuser rights. After the project was completed, nobody thought to verify what rights were retained by the implementation team.
There is much to be gained from an open, collaborative relationship between auditors and auditees in which both parties focus on understanding and managing business risk. Rationally, we all know this is the case, but human factors such as lack of trust and organizational politics often get in the way.
Analysts need interactive speed for exploratory analysis, but big data systems are often slow. With sampling, data systems can produce approximate answers fast enough for exploratory visualization, at the cost of accuracy and trust. We propose optimistic visualization, which approaches these issues from a user experience perspective. This method lets analysts explore approximate results interactively, and provides a way to detect and recover from errors later. Pangloss implements these ideas. We discuss design issues raised by optimistic visualization systems. We test this concept with five expert visualizers in a laboratory study and three case studies at Microsoft. Analysts reported that they felt more confident in their results, and used optimistic visualization to check that their preliminary results were correct.
might also want to review the certificate even for a site that my browser automatically trusts. What if there is an expired certificate or a malicious phishing effort? There have also been cases of fraudulently obtained certificates sold on the black market and used for impersonation and identity fraud, as well as for digitally signing malware, according to a snippet in the SAN Institute news bites September 17, 2019.
Keep in mind that a certificate only provides information for trusting content's source. It does not guarantee the content's quality or safety. You can learn more about what a certificate is and why they are important from Mike Bursell.
There are two kinds of certificates: server and Certificate Authority (CA). You use server certificates to show those browsing to your servers that your servers are trustworthy. CA certificates come from the authorities that are vouching for you.
You can also download these certificates and inspect the resulting file with openssl commands. The commands below will also show a standardized text output that can be used to describe additional interesting fields contained in the certificate.
The Details tab (not shown here) sections can be expanded to show each field in a certificate. You can also view these fields with an openssl command if you downloaded the certificate. Here, I downloaded the certificate to a file named www.redhat.com.crt:
Browsers and other applications verify a certificate by verifying the signature via the CA certificate. Fingerprints can also be used to manually verify the certificate just as fingerprints for SSH or GPG keys can be used for verification and trust. To view the fingerprint of a downloaded certificate use the -fingerprint option:
Web browsers ship with a number of CA certificates that are used to automatically verify server certificates (which are signed by those certificates). Most browsers provide a way to view these CA certificates through a settings or preferences option. Look for a security or "privacy and security" section. You may then need to scroll down to find the certificates sections and an option to view certificates.
There may be a signing chain of several certificate authorities, but at the root of the trust chain will be a self-signed certificate, usually with a subject indicating that it is a signing certificate.
By checking the subject and issuer information as well as the validity dates, fingerprints, and revocation status, you can begin the process of verifying the certificates that your browser warns you about, or simply trusts.
Ute Frevert:"In an abundance of 'trust talk' in international relations, finally a scholarly analysis of how and why trust really matters: how it facilitated cooperation, enabled risk-taking, and helped to establish confidence-building politics, under the highly unlikely auspices of the Cold War."Frank Costigliola:"This book offers an insightful explanation for one of the great puzzles of recent history: how the Cold War, a seemingly indestructible international regime, came to an end. And it will also make waves because the essays take seriously the mission of relating the political, economic, and cultural factors to emotions history."
Establishing transport/session trust means you have enacted micro-segmentation to better control who and what is utilizing which protocols to access devices and data. Network segmentation has been around for some time, but it was difficult to make it truly operational, and equally challenging to maintain at enterprise scale. By leveraging software-defined networking, and applying Zero Trust architectural principles, we can now scale the enterprise. This means an agency can accomplish complex tasks more simply through automation. Automation makes user-profile verification and user behavior heuristics more easily accessible as methods of identifying and isolating anomalies that could signal intrusion into your network. 2ff7e9595c
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