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Java Jdv Download For Mac
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These are JPype names for Java classes in Python that exist without importingany specific Java class. Concepts such as Object, String, and Exception aredefined and can be used in instance checks. For example, to catch all Javaexceptions regardless of type, we would catch JException. These are mainlyfor convenience though they do have some extra functionality. Most of thesefunctions are being phased out in favor of Java syntax. For example,catching java.lang.Throwable will catch everything that JExceptionwill catch. (Jarray, JObject, JString, and JException)
As JObject syntax is long and does not look much like Java syntax, thePython matmul operator is overloaded on JPype types such that one can use the@ operator to cast to a specific Java type. In Java, one would write(Type)object to cast the variable object to Type. In Python, thiswould be written as Type@object. This can also be applied to array typesJLong[:]@[1,2,3], collection types Iterable@[1,2,3] or Java functorsDoubleUnaryOperator@(lambda x:x*2). The result of the casting operatorwill be a Java object with the desired type or raise a TypeError if thecast or conversion is not possible. For Python objects, the Java object willgenerally be a copy as it is not possible to reflect changes in an array backto Python. If one needs to retrieve the resulting changes keep a copy of theconverted array before passing it. For an existing Java object, castingchanges the resolution type for the object. This can be very useful whentrying to call a specific method overload. For example, if we have a Javaa=String("hello") and there were an overload of the method foo betweenString and Object we would need to select the overload withfoo(java.lang.Object@a).
Casting None is use to specify types when calling between overloadswith variadic arguments such as foo(Object a) and foo(Object... many).If we want to call foo(None) is is ambiguous whether we intend to call thefirst with a null object or the second with a null array. We can resolve theambiguity with foo(java.lang.Object@None) orfoo(java.lang.Object[:]@None)
All objects in Java inherit from the same base class java.lang.Object, butJava does not support multiple inheritance. Thus each class can only inheritfrom a single parent. Multiple inheritance, mix-ins, and diamond pattern arenot possible in Java. Instead Java uses the concept of an interface. Any Javaclass can inherit as many interfaces as it wants, but these interfaces may notcontain any data elements. As they do not contain data elements there canbe no ambiguity as to what data a particular lookup.
For Java classes there is a special attribute called class. Thisis a keyword in Python so name mangling applies. This is a class instanceof type java.lang.Class. It can be used to access fields and methods.
Arrays also have a special type factory to produce them. In principleone can create an array class using JClass but the signature requiredwould need to use the proper name as required for the Java methodjava.lang.Class.forName. Instead we call the factory to create a newtype to use.
Java arrays are currently missing some of the requirements to act as acollections.abc.Sequence. When working with Java arrays it is also usefulto use the Java array utilities class java.util.Arrays as it has manymethods that provide additional functionality. Java arrays do not support anyadditional mathematical operations at this time.
Each primitive type in Java has its own buffer type named based on theprimitive type. java.nio.ByteBuffer has the greatest control allowingany type to be read and written to it. Buffers in Java function are likememory mapped files and have a concept of a read and write pointer whichis used to traverse the array. They also have direct index access to theirspecified primitive type.
Java strings implement the concept of in when using the Java methodcontains. The Java implementation is sufficiently similar that it willwork fairly well on strings.For example, "I" in java.lang.String("team") would be equal to False.
One important caveat when dealing with importing Java modules. Python alwaysimports local directories as modules before calling the Java importer. So anydirectory named java, com, or org will hide corresponding Javapackage. We recommend against naming directories as java or top leveldomain.
Error handling is an important part of any non-trivial program. All Javaexceptions occurring within Java code raise a jpype.JException whichderives from Python Exception. These can be caught either using a specific Javaexception or generically as a jpype.JException or java.lang.Throwable.You can then use the stacktrace(), str(), and args to access extendedinformation.
One should note that the class path can only be set prior starting the JVM.Calls to set the class path after the JVM is started are silently ignored.If a jar must be loaded after the JVM is started, it may be loaded usingjava.net.URLClassLoader. Classes loaded using a URLClassloader arenot visible to JPype imports nor to JPackage.
The convertStrings argument defines how strings are returned by JPype.Early in the life of this project return types were often converted to Pythontypes without regard to preserving the type information. Thus strings wouldautomatically convert to a Python string effectively the data from Java toPython on each return. This was a violation of the Python philosophy thatexplicit is better than implicit. This also prohibited chaining of Java stringoperations as each operation would lose the Java representation and have to betransferred back and forth. The simple operation of trying to create a Javastring was difficult as directly calling java.lang.String constructor wouldonce again convert the result back to a Python string, hence the need to usethe JString factory. There was an option to turn off the conversion ofstrings, but it was never operable. Therefore, all code written at thetime would expect Java strings to convert to Python strings on return.
The name of the class does not matter for the purposes of customizer though itshould be a private class so that it does not get used accidentally.The customizer code will steal from the prototype class rather than acting as abase class, thus, ensuring that the methods will appear on the most derivedPython class and are not hidden by the java implementations. The customizerwill copy methods, callable objects, __new__, class member strings, andproperties.
JPype uses customizers to augment Java collection classes to operate likePython collections. Enhanced objects include java.util.List,java.util.Set, java.util.Map, and java.util.Iterator. Theseclasses generally comply with the Python API except in cases where there is asignificant name conflict and thus no special treatment is required whenhandling these Java types. Details of customizing Java classes can befound in the previous chapter, Customization.
All Java classes that inherit from java.util.Collection have a definedlength determined by the Python len(obj) function. As they also inheritfrom Iterable, they have iterator, forech traversal, and list comprehension.
Lists also have iterable, length, item deletion, and indexing. Note thatindexing of java.util.LinkedList is supported but can have a largeperformance penalty for large lists. Use of iteration is much for efficient.
A Java classes that implement java.util.Map inherit the Pythoncollections.abc.Mapping interface. As such they can be iterated, supportthe indexing operator for value lookups, item deletion, length, andsupport contains.
Buffer backed arrays have one downside. Python and by extension NumPy haveno way to tell when a buffer becomes invalid. Once the JVM is shutdown,all buffers become invalid and any access to NumPy arrays backed by Javarisk crashing. To avoid this fate, either create the memory for the buffer fromwithin Python and pass it to Java. Or use the Java java.lang.Runtime.exitwhich will terminate both the Java and Python process without leaving anyopertunity to access a dangling buffer.
Sometimes it is necessary to push a Python object into Java memory space as anopaque object. This can be achieved using be implementing a proxy foran interface which has no methods. For example, java.io.Serializable hasno arguments and little functionality beyond declaring that an object can beserialized. As low-level proxies to not automatically convert back to Pythonupon returning to Java, the special keyword argument convert should be setto True. 2ff7e9595c
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